Act - Act of 1945

laws and Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, or abbreviated 1945 atauUUD '45, is the basis of the written law (basic law), constitutional government of the Republic Indonesiasaat this.
1945 Constitution adopted as the state constitution by PPKI on August 18, 1945. Since December 27, 1949, in Indonesia applies the Constitution RIS, and since September 17 Agustus1950 Provisional Constitution applies in Indonesia 1950. Presidential Decree of July 5, 1959 re-enact the 1945 Constitution, with confirmed unanimously by the House on July 22, 1959.
In the period 1999-2002, the 1945 has 4 times the changes (amendments), which alter the composition of the institutions in a constitutional system of the Republic of Indonesia.

nahkah law - constitution 1945

Before the change, the 1945 Constitution consists of the Preamble, Body (16 chapters, 37 chapters, 65 verses (16 verse derived from 16 articles which consist of only 1 paragraph and 49 verses from 21 chapters consisting of 2 paragraph or more), 4 Transitional Provisions section, and 2 paragraph Rules Supplement), as well as explanation.
Having done 4 times, the 1945 Constitution has 20 chapters, 73 chapters, 194 verses, 3 chapters Transition Rules, and 2 of article Rules Supplement.
In Proceedings of the Annual Session of the Assembly of 2002, published the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 In The Script, The Script and the Compilation Without There Additional Opinion.
history


Early History
Investigation Agency Preparation for Indonesian Independence (BPUPKI) which was formed on April 29, 1945, is the Board which drafted the 1945 Constitution. During the first session which lasted from May 28 until the date of June 1, 1945 Ir.Sukarno convey the idea of "the State" which was given the name of Pancasila. Then BPUPKI form a committee consisting of Small 8 people to complete the formulation of the State. On June 22, 1945, 38 members BPUPKI Nine sets up a committee consisting of 9 persons to draft ASEAN Charter which will be opening the 1945 manuscript. After removal of the phrase "with the obligation for adherents of the Islamic sharia run-adherents" Jakarta Charter, the script into the script the 1945 Constitution which was ratified on August 18, 1945 by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI). Ratification of the 1945 Constitution confirmed by the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP), which convened on August 29, 1945. Indonesia the 1945 draft prepared during the Second Session of Inquiry Agency Preparation for Independence (BPUPK). The agency name without the word "Indonesia" because the land is reserved for Java. In Sumatra there BPUPK to Sumatra. The period of the Second Session on 10 to 17 July 1945. August 18, 1945, PPKI ratify the 1945 Constitution as the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
The period 1945 August 18, 1945 - December 27, 1949
In the period 1945-1950, the 1945 Constitution can not be implemented fully because Indonesia is preoccupied with the struggle to defend freedom. Notices Vice President Number of X on the date of October 16, 1945 decided that KNIP entrusted with legislative power, because the MPR and the DPR has not been established. Date 14 November 1945 formed the Cabinet Semi-Presidensiel ("Semi-Parliamentary") first, so that these events constitute a change of government system to be more democratic.
Constitutional validity period 1949 December 27, 1949 - August 17, 1950
At this time Indonesia is a parliamentary system of government.

1950 Provisional Constitution Period August 17, 1950 - July 5, 1959
At this time Indonesia is a parliamentary system of government.
Period of return to the July 5 1959-1966 1945

Because the political situation in the Constituent Assembly in 1959 where a lot of back and forth to each other so that the interests of political parties failed to produce a new constitution, then on July 5, 1959, President Sukarno issued a presidential decree which re-enact one of the contents of the 1945 Constitution as the constitution, replacing the Law While the 1950 Constitution in effect at that time.

At this time, there were various irregularities of the 1945 Constitution, including:
The President appoints the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Parliament and the Supreme Court and Vice Chairman of the DPA to the Minister of State
MPRS set Sukarno as president for life
The rebellion of the Communist Party of Indonesia through September 30 Movement of the Indonesian Communist Party
[Edit] Period of the New Order era 1945 March 11, 1966 - May 21, 1998
In the New Order period (1966-1998), the Government said it would run the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila are genuine and consistent. However, the implementation turned out to deviate from the Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution which is pure, especially violations of Article 23 (debt Conglomerate / private debt load made the people of Indonesia / public debt) and 33 of the 1945 Constitution which gives power to private parties to destroy our forests and sumberalam.
In the New Order era, the 1945 constitution also become very "sacred", between the number of rules:
MPR Decree No. I/MPR/1983 which states that the Assembly resolve to defend the 1945 Constitution, not willing to make changes to it
MPR Decree No. IV/MPR/1983 about the referendum, which among others stated that if the Assembly wishes to change the 1945 Constitution, must first ask the opinion of the people through referendum.
Law No. 5 of 1985 concerning the referendum, which is the implementation of the TAP MPR No. IV/MPR/1983.
Period 21 May 1998 - October 19, 1999
At this time known as the transition period.
The period of the 1945 Constitution Amendment
One of the demands of the Reformation 1998 is doing the changes (amendments) against the 1945 Constitution. Background of demands for changes in the 1945 Constitution, among others, because during the New Order, the highest authority in the hands of the Assembly (and in fact not in the hands of the people), a very large powers to the President, the existence of the articles that are too "flexible" (which can lead to multiple interpretations ), and the fact the 1945 statement about the spirit of the organizers who have not adequately supported state constitutional provisions.
The purpose of the 1945 changes in that time was perfecting the basic rules such as the order of the state, popular sovereignty, human rights, separation of powers, the existence of democracy and the rule of law, as well as other matters in accordance with the development aspirations and needs of the nation. The 1945 Amendment to the agreement which did not change the 1945 Constitution, while maintaining the order state (staat structuur) unity or later better known as the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), and reinforce the system of presidential government.
In the period 1999-2002, the 1945 has 4 times the changes (amendments) set forth in the General Assembly and Annual Session of the Assembly:
General Session, 1999, on 14-21 October 1999 → First Amendment 1945
MPR Annual Session, 2000, dated 7-18 August 2000 → 1945 Constitution Second Amendment
MPR Annual Session, 2001, on 1-9 November 2001 → Third Amendment 1945
MPR Annual Session, 2002, dated 1-11 August 2002 → 1945 Constitution Fourth Amendment