The Importance of Reputation Risk Management
- Trust or confidence is one of a very valuable asset in business today. Loss of trust can generate a tremendous impact is bad for business. A bad events that befall a business, can result in them losing the trust of the customer. Such risk is also known as reputation risk.
Reputation risk occurs when the situation arises, business practices or incidents that could affect public confidence and stakeholder of the institution. The impact of reputational risk, among others:
* The negative impact on the financial performance of companies in both the short and long term. Short-term negative impacts such as affecting the share price over just a few pecans. Meanwhile, long-term effects such as influencing the decline of earnings.
* The negative impact of the brand in the future. Loss of confidence can certainly hurt a brand's image in the eyes of the customer. Business customers could lose market share becomes smaller.
According to a survey hosted by The Economist about the risks, as risk manager be consulted on the risks is a priority, most respondents chose reputational risk in the first place.Approximately 52 percent of them regard reputational risk is the risk category of its own. But the remaining assume the reputational risk arising as a consequence of other risks.
Factors that lead to a focus on reputational risk to be important include:
* Reputation become a source of competitive advantage along with the goods and services that are increasingly smaller differentiation
* The spread of bad news through the media and other communication channels
* Higher standards set by the regulator
* Customers have more choices than ever before
* Customers are now more like dealing with an ethical company
A risk manager must understand, how the impact of an event on corporate image.
Factors that could affect the reputation risk, among others:
* Failure to comply with regulatory or legal obligations
* Failure to provide goods and services to customers with good quality
* The emergence of practices incompatible with the ethics
* Poor crisis management
* Failure to achieve financial targets
* Security breaches
* Environmental breach
Then, if a crisis has occurred, what should be done by the company?
1. concern
company must provide an understanding that there are things that do not run properly. It also expressed feelings of disappointment and concern.
2. commitment
company must express their commitment to resolve problems that occur, and explains in detail about the things they will do,
3. control
when the company is in crisis, then the leader needs to show that they have successfully held the familiar control of the situation and cooperate with relevant authorities to ensure that these incidents will not reoccur.
According to the survey, the top step taken by the respondent when a crisis is to plan and emndokumentasikan process of crisis management. Then they also measure the perceptions of various parties against the company. In addition, a series of CSR programs were also developed to improve the reputation.
Other measures include:
* Looking for a systematic threat to the reputation of origin
* Training employees to identify and manage reputational risk
* Form a special team to manage reputational risk
A concrete example of reputational risk in Indonesia is a case Lumpur Lapindo. Lapindo mud began to occur around May 2006.Since then the company's reputation continued to decline as more and more villages terrendam Lumpur. And the slow response of government and management in addressing this crisis contributed to a reputation of Lapindo.
This crisis has caused losses worth many trillions of dollars to both parties, including Lapindo and the government, even more people around who lost their homes, possessions, businesses, paddy fields, until his livelihood.
To overcome this crisis, one of the steps taken by the government is forming a team for handling Lumpur later renamed Sidoarjo Mud Mitigation Agency (BPLS). They are on duty to take steps in an integrated operation includes closing the mudflow, flood handling Lumpur and handling social issues.
Meanwhile, in accordance with Presidential Decree 14/2007, the Lapindo will provide compensation to the community by buying land and building communities affected by flood Lumpur with payment in stages.
This crisis is a national disaster for Indonesia. A bad reputation not only become the property of Lapindo, but also the government and people of Indonesia in the eyes of the world. Furthermore, it takes concrete steps from Lapindo in giving compensation to the communities most affected in this case.
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Pentingnya Manajemen Risiko Reputasi |
- Trust atau kepercayaan adalah salah satu asset yang amat berharga dalam bisnis saat ini. Kehilangan trust dapat menghasilkan dampak luar biasa buruk bagi bisnis. Suatu kejadian buruk yang menimpa bisnis, dapat mengakibatkan mereka kehilangan trust dari para pelanggan. Risiko semacam ini disebut juga sebagai risiko reputasi. |
As a champion of technology-especially manufacturing-automotive, so far the Japanese position is very solid. There are other manufacturers in America and Europe that could make the car better than Japan, but Japan remains the dominant product in the world. No wonder when Toyota Motor Corp. and become the number one car maker in the world.
In addition to selling its products, various styles of management and production of Toyota and many a reference. In 2001 came the Toyota Way book which contains 14 principles of values and behaviors that must be followed by employees. With that, what is spoken in a number of books on Japan's industrial success stories, like the work of Carl Mosk (Japanese Industrial History: Technology, Urbanization, and Economic Growth, 2001) as if amplified. Japan achieve supremacy.
While visiting the legendary Boeing factory in Everett, Seattle, years ago and see how efficient manufacture of aircraft that rule the aeronautical world today, ranging from the Next Generation 737, 777, and 747, Boeing guides do not be shy to say, the process that they follow ( with a license) from Toyota.
Japan succeeded in developing into an industry giant after the building of the 17th century until the 20th century. Many of us who still remember the history, how Commodore Perry and a U.S. fleet in 1856 to open Japan and exposed to Western culture and technology. After that the seeds of Japan's technological superiority began to blossom, rapidly modernizing childbirth. The success of Japan beat Russia in the 1905 war can not be released from the barrage of progress.
However, this time our focus point in the latest incident, why did Toyota become the world's auto giants make headlines in a number of world media. That's not because Toyota has recently attracted about 8.1 million cars popular brands (The Wall Street Journal, 09/02/2010). Finally, there is news of this manufacturer plans to attract nearly 300,000 hybrid cars (petrol electric) that favored Prius (AFP, Yahoo, 8/2/2010).
The reason that withdrawal is the presence of user complaints, which is often jammed gas pedal, making the car like driving alone without being able to control the driver. Because it is directly related to driving safety, this inevitably becomes a big issue, which is not only a direct slap Toyota, but also Japan.
In terms of Toyota, it is very heavy because the Toyota-brand as it is called Jeff Kingston (TWSJ, 8 / 2)-synonymous with quality and reliability. Toyota now has to pay dearly for any loss due to attractive products worth 2 billion U.S. dollars, and since the recall was announced on Jan. 21, the shares have declined 17 percent.Tomorrow, the price paid will still be more expensive.
"Soul-searching"
For a nation that was so obsessed with quality and technical skills (craftmanship), what happened with Toyota's gas pedal is very obvious cause great embarrassment. In this regard, the case of the gas pedal and even then make a lot of parties in Japan thoughtful look what went wrong in terms of culture and psyche (soul-searching.)
Understand it, then this case is not just a matter of mockery, but also harsh criticism. As I mentioned the book The Toyota Way, writers such as Katrina Ramser (Asylum.com, 8/2/2010) call, it seems there are people in the Toyota factory that intricate mixes the concept of "young" and "kaizen" (The title alone is sharp writing, recalls Make Fabled "Toyota Way" Look-Withdrawal Make Way Gone "Toyota way" a lot Didongengkan That Looks Missed Period).
According to the teachings, the employee must find a purpose in whatever we do. Doctrine "young" calls "do not waste a lot of (time) to do something. Then, the doctrine of "kaizen" call, "If you do not do it correctly, working hard to fix it." What Toyota turned into a factory in a hurry and, on the other hand, less hard work to repair the wrong?
If the doctrine were so many and obvious, why was there a mistake? "Editorial" the daily Asahi Shimbun (as summarized by the International Herald Tribune, 02/09/2010, quoted at the beginning of this article) mentioned, one of the factors that lie behind Toyota's current difficulties is that too rapid globalization of the company, which then impact on product quality. Components of the gas pedal the problem itself is actually supplied by American manufacturers. Apparently, Toyota failed to ensure, product suppliers were free of design errors and quality problems.
Who criticized the way the Toyota handles defective product recall crisis, this implies the existence of excess trust attitude and smug for having to overtake GM as the world's number one car manufacturer.
Lessons
Today the automotive world in addition to entry in the fierce competition, is also not free from environmental issues. As with aviation, automotive green is also a hot theme among manufacturers.
When talking about the American automotive crisis, one that makes American producers saggy is too late to respond to the changing times, where consumers prefer cars are smaller, more fuel efficient, and oriented to renewable fuels, not more fossil. This is where the Japanese manufacturer is deemed more sprightly and winning. Toyota Prius is one of proof. Hybrid cars and electric cars will no doubt be a vehicle of the future.
However, when all the producers started to do the same in green automotive framework, only the manufacturer of the superior aspect of the course will be selected keselamatanlah consumers.
Before this, the world has enjoyed a number of works of Japanese technological innovation, ranging from car, walkman, to digital cameras. Sony, Panasonic, Nikon, and many more have built a reputation of Japanese technology and at the same time making it as number two in the world economy.
Toyota accelerator incident has shaken that reputation. Japanese homework now must restore reputation because without it, the wave will certainly change meminggirkannya. As mentioned header Asahi Shimbun, the 21st century will go through turbulence when changes in market structure and transformative technologica
Pedal Gas Toyota dan Reputasi Teknologi Jepang
Sebagai kampiun teknologi—khususnya manufakturing—otomotif, selama ini posisi Jepang amatlah kokoh. Ada produsen lain di Amerika dan Eropa yang bisa membuat mobil lebih bagus daripada Jepang, tetapi produk Jepang tetap dominan di dunia. Tak heran bila Toyota Motor Corp lalu menjadi pembuat mobil nomor satu di dunia.
Selain produknya laris, pelbagai gaya manajemen dan produksi Toyota lalu banyak jadi acuan. Pada 2001 muncul buku Toyota Way yang memuat 14 prinsip tentang nilai dan perilaku yang harus diikuti karyawan. Dengan itu, apa yang dituturkan dalam sejumlah buku tentang kisah keberhasilan industri Jepang, seperti karya Carl Mosk (Japanese Industrial History: Technology, Urbanization, and Economic Growth, 2001) seolah dikuatkan. Jepang mencapai supremasi.
Ketika mengunjungi pabrik Boeing yang legendaris di Everett, Seattle, tahun silam dan melihat betapa efisiennya pembuatan pesawat yang merajai aeronautika dunia dewasa ini, mulai dari 737 Next Generation, 777, dan 747, pemandu Boeing tak malu-malu mengatakan, proses itu mereka ikuti (dengan lisensi) dari Toyota.
Jepang berhasil berkembang menjadi raksasa industri setelah membangun dari pada abad ke-17 hingga abad ke-20. Banyak dari kita yang masih ingat sejarah, bagaimana Komodor Perry dan satu armada AS pada 1856 membuka Jepang dan mengeksposnya pada kebudayaan dan teknologi Barat. Setelah itulah benih-benih keunggulan teknologi Jepang mulai bersemi, melahirkan modernisasi cepat. Keberhasilan Jepang mengalahkan Rusia dalam perang 1905 tak bisa dilepaskan dari rentetan kemajuan itu.
Namun, kali ini fokus kita arahkan pada kejadian mutakhir, mengapa Toyota yang menjadi raksasa otomotif dunia membuat headline di sejumlah media dunia. Itu tidak lain karena Toyota belum lama ini menarik sekitar 8,1 juta mobil merek populer (The Wall Street Journal, 9/2/2010). Terakhir, ada kabar pabrikan ini berencana menarik hampir 300.000 mobil hibrida (bensin elektrik) Prius yang digemari itu (AFP, Yahoo, 8/2/2010).
Alasan penarikan itu adalah adanya keluhan pengguna, yaitu pedal gas acap macet, membuat mobil seperti melaju sendiri tanpa bisa dikontrol pengemudi. Karena terkait langsung dengan keselamatan berkendara, tak terelakkan lagi ini menjadi isu besar, yang tidak saja menampar langsung Toyota, tetapi juga Jepang.
Dari segi Toyota, hal itu amatlah berat karena merek Toyota—seperti disebut Jeff Kingston (TWSJ, 8/2)—sinonim dengan kualitas dan keandalan. Toyota sekarang ini pun sudah membayar mahal kerugian karena menarik produk bernilai 2 miliar dollar AS, dan sejak penarikan diumumkan pada 21 Januari, nilai sahamnya sudah merosot 17 persen. Esok, harga yang harus dibayar masih akan lebih mahal.
”Soul-searching”
Bagi bangsa yang sebenarnya begitu terobsesi dengan kualitas dan keterampilan teknik (craftmanship), apa yang terjadi dengan pedal gas Toyota jelas amat menimbulkan rasa malu yang luar biasa. Dalam kaitan ini, kasus pedal gas bahkan kemudian membuat banyak pihak di Jepang merenung mencari apa yang salah dari sisi kultur dan kejiwaan (soul-searching).
Maklum saja, kasus ini tidak saja lalu menjadi bahan olok-olok, tetapi juga kecaman pedas. Sambil menyinggung buku Toyota Way, penulis seperti Katrina Ramser (Asylum.com, 8/2/2010) menyebut, tampaknya ada orang di pabrik Toyota yang ruwet mencampurkan konsep ”muda” dan ”kaizen” (Judul tulisannya saja sudah tajam, Recalls Make Fabled ”Toyota Way” Look Way Gone-Penarikan Membuat ”Cara Toyota” yang Banyak Didongengkan Itu Tampak Ketinggalan Zaman).
Menurut ajaran, karyawan harus menemukan tujuan dalam apa pun yang dikerjakan. Ajaran ”muda” menyebut ”jangan menghamburkan banyak (waktu) untuk melakukan sesuatu. Lalu, ajaran ”kaizen” menyebut, ”Kalau Anda tidak mengerjakannya dengan benar, bekerja keraslah untuk memperbaikinya.” Apa Toyota berubah jadi pabrik yang tergesa-gesa dan, pada sisi lain, kurang kerja keras untuk memperbaiki yang keliru?
Kalau ajaran sudah begitu banyak dan jelas, mengapa masih terjadi kesalahan? ”Tajuk Rencana” harian Asahi Shimbun (seperti diringkaskan oleh International Herald Tribune, 9/2/2010, yang dikutip di awal tulisan ini) menyebutkan, salah satu faktor yang ada di balik kesulitan Toyota sekarang ini adalah globalisasi perusahaan yang terlampau cepat, yang lalu berdampak pada kualitas produk. Komponen pedal gas yang jadi masalah sendiri sebenarnya dipasok oleh pembuat Amerika. Tampaknya, Toyota gagal memastikan, produk pemasok tadi bebas dari kesalahan desain dan problem kualitas.
Yang dikritik adalah cara Toyota menangani krisis penarikan produk cacat ini menyiratkan adanya sikap percaya berlebih dan puas diri karena telah menyalip GM sebagai produsen mobil nomor satu dunia.
Memetik pelajaran
Dewasa ini dunia otomotif selain masuk dalam persaingan yang sengit, juga tak lepas dari isu lingkungan. Sebagaimana penerbangan, otomotif hijau juga menjadi tema hangat di kalangan produsen.
Ketika membahas tentang krisis otomotif Amerika, salah satu yang membuat produsen Amerika kedodoran adalah terlambat merespons perubahan zaman, di mana konsumen lebih menyukai mobil berukuran lebih kecil, lebih hemat bahan bakar, dan berorientasi pada bahan bakar terbarukan, bukan lagi fosil. Di sinilah produsen Jepang dipandang lebih sigap dan unggul. Toyota Prius adalah salah satu buktinya. Mobil hibrida dan mobil elektrik tak diragukan lagi akan menjadi kendaraan masa depan.
Namun, ketika semua produsen mulai melakukan langkah sama dalam kerangka otomotif hijau, hanya produsen yang lebih unggul dalam aspek keselamatanlah yang tentunya akan dipilih konsumen.
Sebelum ini, dunia telah menikmati sejumlah karya inovasi teknologi Jepang, mulai dari mobil, walkman, hingga kamera digital. Sony, Panasonic, Nikon, dan masih banyak lagi telah membangun reputasi teknologi Jepang dan sekaligus menjadikannya sebagai ekonomi nomor dua di dunia.
Insiden pedal gas Toyota telah mengguncangkan reputasi itu. Pekerjaan rumah Jepang sekarang pastilah memulihkan reputasi karena tanpa itu, gelombang perubahan dipastikan akan meminggirkannya. Seperti disinggung tajuk Asahi Shimbun, abad ke-21 akan melalui turbulensi ketika perubahan dalam struktur pasar dan inovasi teknologi transformatif berlangsung secara serentak.
Managing Reputation Risk
(Managementfile - Risk) - Reputations have a close relationship with trust. Without a reputation, the trust does not exist. Reputation is a crucial component for a business, therefore, reputation risk should be managed properly.
Report of Ernst & Young on the Top 10 Business Risk 2009 showed that the position of reputation risk skyrocketed from position 22 years a2008 became the 10th of this year. This is likely because the world was rocked by the global crisis, potentially reducing the company's reputation.
According to findings from the Economist Intelligence Unit, reputation is one of the most important company asset, but it most difficult to protect. Reputation can be a competitive advantage, but the potential for damage, especially since the development of media and communications, regulations are more stringent, as well as decreased customer loyalty.
Reputation weakened when a business or organization to do things that missed expectations, such as poor Q3 results, having failed to pay (default), or exposed to certain scandal.
About two years, the world was rocked by the global financial crisis. This resulted in a reputation so the higher risk. A number of uncertainties about the business, financial condition of companies that are bad, unfavorable market conditions, the number of fraud and a number of other cases have led companies increasingly exposed to reputational risk.
Here are some steps you can take related to reputational risk:
1. Assessment
Perform an assessment of the reputation of your business out there. Identification of any perception that you can control. Second, create a policy to deal with reputation risk, reputation risk and make it as a consideration in discussions with management and directors.
2. Assess Decision
Consider the public perception for every decision taken. Public perception is very important, especially if your company is quite high profile and is known by the public.
3. Communication
Communication to all stakeholders have an important role, especially to maintain their trust to the company. If reputation is damaged, then public confidence in the company could fade.Convey financial condition in a transparent and accurate.
Communication here must include three elements, including:
• Concern: acknowledge that there are mistakes that happen, and express sympathy and disappointment
• Commitment: to express commitment to resolve the problem, and reveals the steps to be taken in detail
• Control: the leader shows that they managed to control the situation well
4. Good Corporate Governance
So far, most cases that resulted in the collapse of the company's reputation is the result of good corporate governance is not good.An example is the case of Enron, WorldCom, Satyam, until Sarijaya cases in Indonesia. To avoid cases that imposed a reputation like this, then good corporate governance should be run. Obey the rules and procedures, run the monitoring and periodic audits, detection of possible fraud and others.
The role of a leader is vital in doing this reputational risk management. A leader must determine the identity and ethics adopted by the company and the people in it. It was he who communicate the importance of maintaining a reputation to them.Meanwhile, the role of compliance is also important to make the rules, while maintaining that all rules, regulations and policies followed, monitored and reviewed regularly.
One of the biggest cases related to reputational risk occurs at Johnson & Johnson with Tylenol products in 1982. There are bad elements who put deadly cyanide into Tylenol capsules in stores and pharmacies in the Chicago area, killing 7 people who drank the poison capsule that was contaminated by it.
In response, Johnson & Johnson pulled 22 million bottles of Tylenol products they are in society, and bear no small loss, which is $ 100 million. It was the right decision from Johnson & Johnson, where they put the safety of the customers above profits.Furthermore, Johnson & Johnson's run of good public relations related to the case, so the Tylenol and then managed to return a best-seller. This is a great example of reputational risk management, which is already declining reputation can be repaired perfectly. In this case, communication had the strongest role.
Mengelola Risiko Reputasi |
(managementfile – Risk) – Reputasi punya kaitan yang dekat dengan kepercayaan. Tanpa reputasi, maka kepercayaan tidak ada. Reputasi merupakan komponen yang sangat penting bagi suatu bisnis, oleh karena itu, risiko reputasi harus dikelola dengan baik. |
Reputation Nodai Chinese Food Crisis
Beijing (AFP)
Chinese-made food safety crisis has tarnished reputation abroad and threatens social unrest in the country, considering the number of health concerns.
Administration officials said the State Food and Drug Administration, Sun Xianze, Monday (9 / 7).
Sun urged his colleagues to take urgent measures of food surveillance.
Food safety problems have repeatedly prevented the entry of agricultural products and food of China into the international trade and damage the credibility and our national image, Sun said as quoted by the official newspaper China Daily.
The Chinese government has sought to tighten supervision of product in the midst of mounting criticism both at home and abroad that the quality of medicines, food and various products they are weakly regulated.
In a seminar on Saturday (7 / 7), Sun said food safety problems apparently caused pesticides and veterinary drug residues in food, industrial use of content in plant food and bacteria that are dangerous, the official Xinhua News Agency wrote.
Food safety issues and individual cases not only had an impact on the development of the healthcare industry, but also affected the local economy and social stability, said Sun is Director of the Department of Food Safety Co-ordination Agency.
He registered domestic cases from last year including fish tainted drugs, ban the use of Sudan dyes in dye egg yolk, pork tainted elenbuterol, a ban on food additives.
leukemia drug
Previously, a leukemia drug manufacturer based in Shanghai prohibited by Chinese drug supervision, after some patients reported suffering from leg pain and difficulty walking on Monday (9 / 7).
Administration State Food and Drug Administration said late last week has suspended sales of artificial methotrexate Hulian Shanghai Pharmaceutical Company Limited. The drug was widely used to treat leukemia and other cancers as well as autoimmune diseases such as rheumatism. We are responsible for our patients and address the serious issue Qinxie inikata Yin, a spokesman for Shanghai Pharmaceutical (Group) Company, China's largest drug manufacturer.
Yin said his company received a report July 6 that some patients who received multiple doses of methotrexate leg pain and had difficulty walking.
The experts discussing and investigating this. We try to understand this problem as soon as we get a bad reaction to reports that,? Yin added.
The Chinese government tried to tighten the regulation of drugs. A few weeks ago, a former head of the Department of Administration State Food and Drug Administration was sentenced to death for case preparation. The government announced the authorities pulled the production licenses of five drug manufacturers more than a year and impose fines for the other 128 companies.
Krisis Pangan Nodai Reputasi Cina
Beijing (SIB)
Krisis keselamatan pangan buatan Cina telah menodai reputasi di luar negeri dan mengancam keresahan sosial di dalam negeri, mengingat banyaknya kekhawatiran terhadap kesehatan.
Demikian kata Pejabat Administrasi Negara Makanan dan Obat-obatan, Sun Xianze, Senin (9/7).
Sun mendesak koleganya untuk mengambil langkah mendesak pengawasan pangan.
“Masalah keamanan pangan telah berulang kali menghalangi masuknya produk-produk pertanian dan pangan Cina ke dalam perdagangan internasional serta merusak kredibilitas dan citra nasional kami,†kata Sun seperti dikutip surat kabar resmi China Daily.
Pemerintah Cina telah berupaya memperketat pengawasan produk di tengah memuncaknya kritik baik di dalam maupun di luar negeri bahwa kualitas obat, pangan dan berbagai produk mereka diatur secara lemah.
Dalam sebuah seminar, Sabtu (7/7), Sun mengatakan masalah keselamatan pangan tampaknya disebabkan residu pestisida dan obat hewan dalam pangan, penggunaan kandungan industri pada pabrik pangan dan bakteri yang membahayakan, tulis Kantor Berita Resmi Xinhua.
“Masalah keselamatan pangan dan kasus-kasus individual tidak hanya membawa dampak pada perkembangan industri kesehatan, tapi juga berimbas pada ekonomi lokal dan stabilitas sosial,†kata Sun yang merupakan Direktur Departemen Koordinasi Badan Keselamatan Pangan.
Ia mendaftar kasus-kasus domestik dari tahun lalu termasuk ikan tercemar obat, larangan penggunaan bahan celup Sudan pada pewarna kuning telur, babi tercemari elenbuterol, larangan zat tambahan pada makanan.
obat leukimia
Sebelumnya sebuah pabrik pembuat obat leukimia berbasis di Shanghai dilarang oleh pengawasan obat-obatan Cina, setelah beberapa pasien dilaporkan menderita sakit tungkai dan sulit berjalan, Senin (9/7).
Administrasi Negara Makanan dan Obat-obatan mengatakan akhir pekan lalu telah menghentikan penjualan methotrexate buatan Shanghai Hulian Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Obat itu dipergunakan secara luas untuk mengobati leukimia dan kanker lainnya juga penyakit otoimun seperti rematik.
“Kami bertanggung jawab terhadap pasien dan kami menyikapi serius isu ini,†kata Yin Qinxie, Juru Bicara Shanghai Pharmaceutical (Group) Company, produsen obat terbesar Cina.
Yin menyatakan perusahaannya menerima laporan 6 Juli bahwa beberapa pasien yang mendapat beberapa dosis methotrexate merasa sakit kaki dan mengalami kesulitan berjalan.
“Para ahli tengah mendiskusikan dan menyelidiki hal ini. Kami mencoba memahami masalah ini segera setelah kami mendapat laporan reaksi buruk itu,†tambah Yin.
Pemerintah Cina berusaha memperketat pengaturan obat. Beberapa pekan lalu, seorang mantan Kepala Departemen Administrasi Negara Makanan dan Obat-obatan dijatuhi hukuman mati atas kasus penyiapan. Pemerintah mengumumkan pihak berwenang menarik lisensi produksi lima produsen obat lebih dari setahun dan menjatuhkan denda bagi 128 perusahaan lainnya.
issues and crisis management
Do you agree or disagree that the crisis is perceptual? Give your opinion with examples of cases.
I agree that the crisis conceptual.
According to Kotler (Marketing Management, 1999); Perception is the process whereby a person doing the selection, organize, and interpret the information included in his mind into a big picture that memilliki meaning. Meanwhile, according Meider (Meider, 1958).The term perception is a process of one's activity in giving the impression, assessment, opinion, feel and interpret things based on the information presented from other sources (the perception).
A crisis is perceptual. The crisis is the perception of an event that is not unexpected (unpredictable events) that have the potential to threaten the sustainability of the support of stakeholders and at the same impact on the performance of the organization as well as produce negative outcomes. A crisis is the result of the perception of stakeholders or a thing. Stakeholders are individuals or groups who are victims of or affecting the organization (Bryson, 2004).
Through perception, one is able to recognize the life around him, namely the entire world consists of objects and human beings with all the events happened. Perception is a 'reality' for those concerned, but the reality may be perceived differently by each individual, by each member of different communities.
This perception will be forming opinions varied, this opinion is strongly associated with survival of a company. When opinion deteriorated, the company's presence may also decrease.Stakeholders who are not happy about some things about the company will perceive the company in a bad image. This can lead to crises such as the occurrence of proter, boycott, prosecution, or other type of confrontation.
A communication planner must be able to create maps of perception to see the growing opinion and public discourse. then adjust with the aim of solving the crisis. Mapping / analysis is taken of developments such as the trend of mentions, favorability rate of the media and opinion leaders in all issues raised by stakeholders, etc..
Case in point: recreational vehicle Wonderia, Semarang. Public perception was not happy about the venue. The place is less promising, parkiranny only just wide but the game as well as other facilities is not satisfactory. This bad perception makes the company's image was so bad that visitors were very small. The crisis of confidence that the company experienced a very visible and felt, not only for local people but also for people outside the city who was visiting Hyderabad.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is often used by companies to restore public confidence in the brand or corporate reputation. Give your opinion whether CSR effectively to restore the trust and support of stakeholders, consumers / public to the corporate brand or post-crisis? Use the literature to explain this argument with examples of relevant cases.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as a strategy to minimize negative impacts and maximize positive impact on the stakeholders, is a representation of the private sector to support sustainable development and of good corporate citizenship.
CSR is not only a role in contributing to society but also have an important role for the company itself. CSR can create the image or reputation for the company and brand. In developed countries, has a lot of research that links between the patterns of purchase with a reputable brand. Some brands even have tried to position itself with social concerns such as The Body Shop and British Petroleum (BP).
I agree that CSR is an effective way to restore the confidence of stakeholders of a company's post-crisis. CSR was said to be effective when what had been previously by the company dirancanakan done well and correctly.
In essence, CSR can also help companies cope with crisis management. By involving the public directly in CSR activities, to create communities that can help companies overcome the crisis.CSR is an important consideration in how stakeholders think and act against the company.
When the crisis the company has reached to a stage so complicated, then CSR is no longer a corporate obligation, but to be a strategy developed by the company. This is because so much effort, time and funds expended for activities such as community development. Companies generally use CSR in accordance with the products issued, as the company certainly has the look of CSR in the environmental field.
Generally, CSR has been done by the company before a crisis occurs and CSR will be more incentive to a potential crisis when the crisis because the company would be promising something more to the community (so sue the company to realize it). When the crisis, CSR reporting is a more commonly used to show stakeholdar company that the company has a good attitude despite setbacks / crisis.
A case in point - such as the brand Tylenol poisoning case in the United States (U.S.) in 1982. At that time, Johnson & Johnson (J & J) pulled 31 million bottles of these products - worth 100 million dollars - from the market. Every effort is made by J & J like the opening track all forms of information, exchange of Tylenol, pegembalian money, etc.. Until now, J & J has a good reputation in the community and consumers quickly forget that one of their brand "had poisoned" the U.S. public. Slowly and surely J & J to restore confidence and improve their corporate image in the eyes of stakeholders. This case is an example of CSR which occur effectively.
Another example is the case of Entergy Companies by storms Katrina and Rita in New Orleas, the United States. When storms occur, flooding 80% of the city. Da generator systems were severely damaged electricity transmission facilities plus damage komunnikasi, fuel shortages, looting and rampant criminality that occurred in the disaster area. Entergy mobilizing 10,000 workers for the buffer back to serve customers within a week after the storm struck. At the end of the month, almost all customers have been successfully served again. CSR conducted by Entergy successfully demonstrated its ability in handling the crisis, also becoming stakeholders confidence improved.
Examples in Indonesia occurred at the company Lapindo. The company is not doing CSR function correctly, such as the replace all losses suffered by the people of Sidoarjo, etc.. Corporate image has been badly deteriorated due to the case when the absence of CSR is done, its credibility was questionable until now.These are examples of cases that do not use CSR with good and bad for the company itself.
Literature: Ongoing Crisis Communication. Coombs, Timothy.USA. 2007.
Media mapping is used by crisis management plans to obtain information related to the development of the crisis. Identification of media that can be used as a source to monitor public opinion related to the development of the crisis.
The media has a big hand in development issues and speculation in preaching. This can be seen from the speed of obtaining news and identify the cases, the ability to penetrate the investigation and related sources, and so forth.
The power of mass media in directing public opinion and choice of attitude in the modern era, believed to be far more powerful than direct campaign a president though. Although its influence in Indonesia is not as big in the developed countries, the media still spearheading the development of a positive image. No doubt the reason for the company to use the media as an intermediary to stakeholders.
"If you do not announce yourself bad news, the media will of the find someone Who Will say something, and That source will of not likely, know all the facts or properly Communicate your point of view" (Jeffrey A. Davis, Communications at Sawmill PR practitioners )
Communication crisis is closely linked to the role of mass media.The mass media is one of the main partner for the crisis communications team. Media is a party to publish a black and white facts on the ground as well as recent developments (update) the handling of the crisis. The media also presents a variety of feedback, the public reaction over the crisis and its handling.
Emergency situations, cases, and disasters can happen anytime and anywhere. To be able to anticipate and control the situation required a system that had been prepared previously, strtegy crisis communication. Credibility at stake in public companies.
Media Mapping
In a crisis, media mapping conducted to determine the progress in public opinion, especially the stakeholders concerned. This mapping will result in exposure clearly which parts should be controlled first, an opinion leader can be controlled.
Media first thing to note is the internet. Media is a social media whose influence is very fast and wide. Monitoring can be done via the web, forums, emails, blogs, social networks, and so forth.Through the internet to spread the news in a matter of seconds, and has considerable impact in because it is more personal. For instance the case of Pritchard and OMNI hospital, the case is more severe scrolling through the internet and to form large solidarity gathering 1000koin to Pritchard. Through the Internet, information can be rolled without can be limited. Companies must memonitorinya and have strategies to work around this.
Mass media (television, radio, cable TV and print media), especially the print media. The newspaper is one of the print media that influence public opinion. What was reported in newspapers to influence public opinion. Journalists in the newspaper also need monitored, because they can become opinion leaders in an issue. The same thing happens in the print media magazines and tabloids, especially in community magazines, magazines are related to the company (eg, news in the Marketing Mix magazine for-profit company.) In the TV media, the company can monitor the news on tv.
Apakah Anda setuju atau tidak setuju bahwa krisis bersifat perseptual? Berikan pendapat Anda disertai contoh kasus.
Saya setuju bahwa krisis bersifat konseptual.
Menurut Kotler (Marketing Management, 1999) ; Persepsi merupakan proses di mana seseorang melakukan seleksi, mengorganisasi, dan menginterpretasi informasi-informasi yang masuk dalam pikirannya menjadi sebuah gambar besar yang memilliki arti. Sedangkan menurut Meider (Meider, 1958). Istilah persepsi adalah suatu proses aktivitas seseorang dalam memberikan kesan, penilaian, pendapat, merasakan dan menginterpretasikan sesuatu berdasarkan informasi yang ditampilkan dari sumber lain (yang dipersepsi).
A crisis is perceptual. Krisis merupakan persepsi dari sebuah kejadian yang tidak terduga (unpredictable event) yang berpotensi untuk mengancam keberlangsungan dukungan stakeholders dan sekaligus membawa dampak bagi performa organisasi sekaligus menghasilkan outcomes negatif. Sebuah krisis merupakan hasil persepsi stakeholders atau suatu hal. Stakeholder adalah individu atau kelompok yang menjadi korban dari atau mempengaruhi organisasi (Bryson, 2004).
Melalui persepsi, seseorang mampu mengenali kehidupan sekitarnya, yaitu seluruh dunia yang terdiri dari benda serta manusia dengan segala kejadian-kejadiannya. Persepsi merupakan ‘realitas’ bagi yang bersangkutan, namun realitas tersebut dapat dipersepsikan berbeda oleh tiap individu, oleh tiap anggota masyarakat yang berbeda.
Persepsi ini nantinya akan membentuk opini-opini yang beraneka ragam, opini ini lah yang berkaitan erat dengan kelangsungan hidup sebuah perusahaan. Ketika opini kian memburuk, keberadaan perusahaan juga mungkin semakin menurun. Stakeholder yang tidak senang akan suatu hal tentang perusahaan akan mempersepsikan perusahaan dalam citra yang buruk. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan krisis seperti akan terjadinya proter, pemboikotan, penuntutan, atau jenis konfrontasi lainnya.
Seorang perencana komunikasi harus mampu membuat peta persepsi untuk mengetahui opini yang berkembang dan wacana publik. kemudian menyesuaikan dengan tujuan penyelesaian krisis. Pemetaan /analisis ini memperhitungan perkembangan seperti trend of mentions, favorability rate dari media dan opinion leader dalam semua isu yang diangkat oleh stakeholders, dsb.
Contoh kasus : wahana rekreasi Wonderia, Semarang. Persepsi masyarakat sudah tidak senang terhadap tempat tersebut. Tempatnya kurang menjanjikan, hanya parkiranny saja yang luas namun permainan serta fasilitas lainnya sangat tidak memuaskan. Persepsi yang buruk ini membuat citra perusahaan sangat buruk sehingga pengunjung pun sangat sedikit. Krisis kepercayaan yang dialami perusahaan sangat terlihat dan terasa, bukan hanya bagi masyarakat setempat melainkan juga bagi masyarakat luar kota yang sedang berkunjung ke Semarang.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) seringkali digunakan oleh perusahaan untuk mengembalikan kepercayaan publik terhadap reputasi brand ataupun korporat. Berikan pendapat Anda apakah CSR efektif untuk mengembalikan kepercayaan dan dukungan stakeholders konsumen/ public terhadap brand atau korporat pasca krisis? Gunakan literature untuk menjelaskan argument ini disertai contoh kasus yang relevan.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) didefinisikan sebagai strategi perusahaan untuk meminimumkan dampak negatif serta memaksimumkan dampak positif bagi para stakeholdernya, merupakan representasi sektor swasta untuk mendukung pembangunan yang berkelanjutan dan terwujudnya good corporate citizenship.
CSR bukan hanya berperan dalam memberi sumbangan kepada masyarakat melainkan juga mempunyai peran penting bagi perusahaan itu sendiri. CSR bisa menciptakan citra atau reputasi bagi perusahaan dan merek. Di negara maju, sudah banyak penelitian yang menghubungkan antara pola pembelian dengan reputasi merek. Beberapa merek bahkan sudah mencoba memposisikan diri dengan kepedulian sosial seperti The Body Shop dan British Petroleum (BP).
Saya setuju bahwa CSR merupakan cara efektif untuk mengembalikan kepercayaan stakeholder terhadap sebuah perusahaan pasca krisis. CSR itu dikatakan efektif ketika apa yang telah dirancanakan sebelumnya oleh perusahaan terlaksana dengan baik dan benar.
Pada dasarnya, CSR juga bisa membantu perusahaan mengatasi krisis manajemen. Dengan melibatkan langsung masyarakat dalam kegiatan CSR, dapat menciptakan komunitas-komunitas yang bisa membantu perusahaan mengatasi krisis. CSR merupakan pertimbangan penting dalam bagaimana stakeholder berpikir dan bersikap terhadap perusahaan.
Ketika krisis perusahaan sudah sampai ke tahap yang demikian rumit, maka CSR sudah bukan lagi sekadar kewajiban perusahaan, tetapi menjadi sebuah strategi yang dikembangkan oleh perusahaan. Hal ini dikarenakan begitu banyak upaya, waktu, dan dana yang dikeluarkan untuk kegiatan seperti community development. Perusahaan umumnya menggunakan CSR yang sesuai dengan produk yang dikeluarkan, seperti perusahaan tampang pasti mempunyai CSR di bidang lingkungan.
Umumnya, CSR telah dilakukan perusahaan sebelum krisis terjadi dan CSR tersebut akan semakin gencar ketika terjadi krisis karena saat krisis perusahaan pasti akan menjanjikan hal yang lebih banyak lagi kepada masyarakat (sehingga menuntut perusahaan untuk merealisasikannya). Ketika krisis, CSR reporting lah yang lebih umum dipakai perusahaan untuk menunjukkan kepada stakeholdar bahwa perusahaan mempunyai sikap baik meskipun sedang mengalami kemunduran / krisis.
Contoh kasusnya – seperti pada kasus keracunan merek Tylenol di Amerika Serikat (AS) tahun 1982. Pada saat itu, Johnson & Johnson (J&J) menarik 31 juta botol produk tersebut – nilainya 100 juta dolar – dari pasaran. Segala upaya dilakukan oleh J&J seperti membuka segala bentuk jalur informasi, penukaran Tylenol, pegembalian uang, dsb. Sampai saat ini J&J memiliki reputasi baik di masyarakat dan dengan cepat konsumen melupakan bahwa salah satu brand mereka “pernah meracuni” masyarakat AS. Perlahan dan pasti J&J mengembalikan kepercayaan serta memperbaiki citra perusahaannya di mata stakeholder. Kasus ini merupakan contoh CSR yang terjadi secara efektif.
Contoh lainnya adalah kasus Perusahaan Entergy karena badai Katrina dan Rita di New Orleas, Amerika Serikat. Ketika badai terjadi, banjir melanda 80 % kota. Sistem generator da tranmisi listrik rusak berat ditambah kerusakan sarana komunnikasi, kelangkaan bahan bakar, penjarahan dan kriminalitas yang marak tejadi di lokasi bencana. Entergy mengerahkan 10.000 pekerja untuk dapar kembali melayani pelanggannya dalam seminggu setelah badai melanda. Pada akhir bulan, hampir seluruh pelanggan telah berhasil dilayani kembali. CSR yang dilakukan oleh Entergy berhasil memperlihatkan kemampuan perusahaan dalam menangani krisis, kepercayaan stakeholder pun kian membaik.
Contoh di Indonesia terjadi di perusahaan Lapindo. Perusahaan ini tidak melakukan fungsi CSR secara benar, sepert mengganti segala kerugian yang dialami oleh masyarakat Sidoarjo, dsb. Citra perusahaan yang telah buruk dikarenakan kasus tersebut kian memburuk ketika tidak adanya CSR yang dilakukan, kredibilitasnya sangat dipertanyakan hingga kini. Ini adalah contoh kasus yang tidak menggunakan CSR dengan baik dan berakibat buruk bagi perusahaan itu sendiri.
Literature : Ongoing Crisis Communication. Coombs, Timothy. USA. 2007.
Media mapping digunakan oleh perencana manajemen krisis untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait perkembangan krisis. Identifikasi media-media yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber untuk memonitor opini publik terkait dengan perkembangan krisis.
Media mempunyai andil besar dalam perkembangan berbagai isu dan spekulasi dalam pemberitaannya. Hal ini bisa terlihat dari kecepatan memperoleh berita dan mengidentifikasi kasus, kemampuan investigasi dan menembus narasumber terkait, dan sebagainya.
Kekuatan media massa dalam mengarahkan opini dan pilihan sikap publik dalam era modern diyakini jauh lebih kuat dibandingkan kampanye langsung seorang presiden sekalipun. Meskipun pengaruhnya di Indonesia tidak sebesar di negara-negara maju, media massa masih menjadi ujung tombak pembangunan citra positif. Tak diragukan lagi alasan bagi perusahaan untuk menggunakan media sebagai perantara kepada stakeholder.
“If you don’t announce bad news yourself, the media will find someone who will say something, and that source will not likely know all the facts or properly communicate your point of view” (Jeffrey A. Davis, praktisi Komunikasi pada Sawmill PR)
Komunikasi krisis berhubungan erat dengan peran media massa. Media massa adalah salah satu partner utama bagi tim komunikasi krisis. Media merupakan pihak yang mempublikasikan hitam-putihnya fakta di lapangan sekaligus perkembangan terakhir (update) penanganan krisis. Media pula yang menyajikan berbagai tanggapan balik, reaksi publik atas krisis yang terjadi serta penanganannya.
Situasi darurat, kasus, dan bencana dapat terjadi kapan pun dan di mana pun. Untuk bisa mengantisipasi dan mengendalikan situasi tersebut dibutuhkan sistem yang telah disiapkan sebelumnya, strtegy komunikasi krisis. Kredibilitas perusahaan dipertaruhkan di hadapan publik.
Media Mapping
Dalam krisis, pemetaan media dilakukan untuk mengetahui perkembangan opini di masyarakat luas, terutama stakeholder yang berkepentingan. Pemetaan ini nantinya menghasilkan paparan secara jelas bagian mana saja yang harus dikendalikan terlebih dahulu, opini leader pun dapat dikendalikan.
Media pertama yang perlu diperhatikan adalah internet. Media ini merupakan media sosial yang pengaruhnya sangat cepat dan luas. Monitoring dapat dilakukan melalui web, forum-forum, email, blog, jejaring sosial, dan sebagainya. Melalui internet berita dapat tersebar hanya dalam hitungan detik, dan mempunyai impact yang cukup dalam karena lebih personal. Contohnya saja kasus Prita dan rumah sakit OMNI, kasus ini kian bergulir hebat melalui internet hingga terbentuk solidaritas besar mengumpulkan 1000koin untuk Prita. Melalui internet, informasi dapat bergulir tanpa dapat dibatasi. Perusahaan harus memonitorinya dan mempunyai stategi untuk menyiasatinya.
Media massa (televisi, radio, TV kabel dan media cetak), terutama media cetak. Koran merupakan salah satu media cetak yang mempengaruhi opini publik. Apa yang diberitakan di koran dapat mempengaruhi opini publik. Jurnalis dalam koran tersebut juga butuh dimonitor, karena mereka dapat menjadi opini leader dalam sebuah isu. Hal yang sama juga terjadi dalam media cetak majalah dan tabloid, terutama dalam majalah komunitas, majalah yang berkaitan dengan bidang perusahaan (contoh : berita dalam majalah Marketing Mix bagi perusahaan nirlaba). Dalam media TV, perusahaan dapat memonitor melalui pemberitaan di tv.